understanding hair loss

Understanding Hair Loss: Causes and Solutions from a Trichologist’s Perspective

Hair loss is a complex issue that affects millions of people worldwide, regardless of age, gender, or ethnicity. While shedding some hair daily is normal—on average, 50 to 100 strands—excessive hair loss can be distressing and often signals an underlying issue. As experts in trichology and dermatology, we understand that hair health starts at the scalp and is influenced by various biological, environmental, and lifestyle factors.

In this blog, we’ll explore the root causes of hair loss, the science behind it, and what you can do to support healthy hair growth.


Understanding the Hair Growth Cycle

Before diving into the causes of hair loss, it’s essential to understand how hair grows. The hair growth cycle consists of four key phases:

  • Anagen (Growth Phase): This is the active growth phase, lasting anywhere from 2 to 7 years. About 85-90% of your hair is in this phase at any given time.
  • Catagen (Transition Phase): A short, 2-week period where hair follicles shrink and detach from the blood supply.
  • Telogen (Resting Phase): Lasting around 3 months, this phase involves hair resting in the follicle before shedding.
  • Exogen (Shedding Phase): Hair is naturally released, making room for new strands to grow.

When this cycle is disrupted, excessive hair shedding, thinning, or baldness can occur.

 

Common Causes of Hair Loss

1. Androgenetic Alopecia (Genetic Hair Loss)

Often referred to as male or female pattern baldness, androgenetic alopecia is the most common cause of hair loss. It is driven by genetics and hormonal changes, particularly the hormone dihydrotestosterone (DHT)—a byproduct of testosterone. DHT binds to hair follicles, causing them to shrink over time, leading to progressively thinner and weaker strands.

—> In men, this manifests as a receding hairline and bald spots.

—> In women, it often results in diffuse thinning across the crown rather than complete baldness.


Treatment options include DHT blockers (such as finasteride), minoxidil, and scalp-stimulating therapies like micro-needling and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatments.


2. Telogen Effluvium (Stress-Related Hair Loss)

Telogen effluvium occurs when a significant stressor (physical or emotional) pushes a large percentage of hair follicles into the resting phase prematurely, causing excessive shedding. Common triggers include:

  • Severe illness, infection, or high fever
  • Surgery or physical trauma
  • Hormonal shifts (such as postpartum hair loss)
  • Nutritional deficiencies (iron, vitamin D, protein)
  • Emotional stress

Fortunately, this condition is often temporary, and hair usually regrows within 6-12 months once the underlying cause is resolved.  Scalp massages, a nutrient-rich diet, and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) can help speed up recovery.


3. Alopecia Areata (Autoimmune Hair Loss)

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder where the body mistakenly attacks hair follicles, causing sudden patchy hair loss. In some cases, it can progress to total scalp hair loss (alopecia totalis) or even complete body hair loss (alopecia universalis).

This condition is unpredictable but is often triggered by genetics, stress, or other autoimmune diseases (like thyroid disorders or lupus). Treatments include corticosteroids, immunotherapy, and advanced biologic drugs designed to suppress the immune attack on hair follicles.


4. Traction Alopecia (Hair Loss from Styling Practices)

This type of hair loss is caused by repeated tension on the hair follicles from tight hairstyles like braids, ponytails, weaves, or wigs. Over time, excessive pulling can damage the follicle, leading to permanent hair loss if not addressed early.

      To prevent traction alopecia:

  • Avoid tight hairstyles and heavy extensions.
  • Give your scalp rest between styles.
  • Use nourishing oils and serums to strengthen the hair and scalp.


5. Scalp Conditions (Dandruff, Seborrheic Dermatitis, Psoriasis, Fungal Infections)

A healthy scalp is essential for optimal hair growth. Chronic scalp inflammation from conditions like seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, or fungal infections (such as tinea capitis) can weaken hair follicles, leading to shedding.

  • Seborrheic Dermatitis: Caused by excess oil and yeast overgrowth, leading to flaking and irritation.
  • Psoriasis: An autoimmune condition that results in thick, scaly plaques on the scalp.
  • Fungal Infections: Can cause hair breakage and patchy bald spots, often requiring antifungal treatments.

Proper scalp care—including medicated shampoos, exfoliation, and balancing the scalp microbiome—can help manage these conditions and support hair retention.

 

6. Nutritional Deficiencies

Hair is primarily composed of keratin, a protein that requires a steady supply of essential vitamins and minerals to grow. Deficiencies in the following can lead to excessive shedding:

  • Iron: Vital for oxygen transport to hair follicles. Low levels (common in menstruating women) can trigger hair loss.
  • Vitamin D: Plays a role in the hair follicle life cycle. A deficiency has been linked to alopecia areata.
  • Zinc & Biotin: Crucial for keratin production and scalp health.
  • Protein: Hair is made of protein; inadequate intake leads to brittle, weak strands.

A balanced diet rich in whole foods, lean proteins, and essential fatty acids supports hair growth from within.


How to Promote Healthy Hair Growth

While hair loss can be challenging, there are proactive steps to encourage stronger, healthier hair:

1. Scalp Health First: Maintain a clean, well-hydrated scalp to create an optimal environment for hair follicles.

2. Address Nutritional Gaps: Supplement with iron, vitamin D, and protein if deficiencies are present.

3. Gentle Styling Practices: Reduce tension, heat, and chemical exposure to minimize damage.

4. Targeted Treatments: Consider minoxidil, PRP therapy, or laser treatments based on the type of hair loss.

5. Manage Stress: Chronic stress can disrupt the hair cycle—prioritize self-care, mindfulness, and good sleep.

 

Hair loss is not a one-size-fits-all condition; it requires a tailored approach based on the underlying cause. By understanding the science behind hair loss, you can take the necessary steps to protect and nourish your hair from the inside out.

At Safo Hair, we believe that hair wellness starts at the root—literally and figuratively. By prioritizing scalp health, using targeted treatments, and adopting hair-friendly habits, you can support long-term hair growth and confidence.

If you’re experiencing hair loss and need expert advice, consult a trichologist or dermatologist to determine the best course of action for your specific needs.


Your hair is a reflection of your overall well-being—nurture it wisely.

 

Dr. Ellana
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